Basic electrical calculations involve three parameters, volts, amps and watts. Volts Here in the United States, we design according to specific voltages provided by our utility companies. In residential construction, we often have 120/240V, single phase, 3-wire, while in commercial construction we typically have 120/208V, 3 phase, 4-wire or 277/480V, 3 phase, 4-wire (although older […]
The construction drawings are done, the specifications are complete, and bidding has commenced. A few days before bids are due, however, the contractor suggests replacing copper conductors with aluminum conductors – a suggestion that may be a value-engineering line item, or a qualification item within the bid. But what are the technical aspects of making […]